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What's cooler than seeing a plume of smoke exit the tail pipe and a car swerve dangerously close to oblivion? If we ignore environmentalists from the modern-day green planet movement, we can rejoice in a testosterone fueled ride down hell's highway.
Car Exhaust systems, while varying from car model to car model, dissipate the fumes from the combustion of certain fuels; it is essential to note that these gases are dangerous to the health of humans and the environment. Below is the basic assembly for car exhausts:
Air Pump - Air pumps help control emissions by forcing air into the exhaust manifold and increasing the amount of exhaust gases to be burned. The air pump is powered by a belt, which is attached to the engine, and requires periodic checks if you want to avoid emission troubles or worse case scenario, an engine check light. The pump takes the oxygen thick air and sends it on its merry way. As a result, lethal gases are cleaned up - carbon monoxide becomes carbon dioxide.
Exhaust manifold - An exhaust manifold is attached to the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. More cylinders mean more fuel combustion, which means better car performance. Its job is to steer exhaust gases from engine cylinders through a pipe and to the exhaust system. Check your exhaust manifold for leaks because a leak in the manifold means poisonous fumes like carbon monoxide and other smog-inducing gases are leaking through.
Catalytic Converters - A catalytic converter is what makes emissions that much less harmful to people and the environment. As the heart of an exhaust system, it connects the exhaust manifold to the muffler. It's a contained area that encourages a chemical change; in fact, its where carbon monoxide (CO) becomes carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrocarbons (HC) become carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H20). In a three-way converter, nitrogen oxides (NOx) become nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O).
Muffler - The muffler controls the noise of an exhaust system. The muffler converts the jumbled sounds of gas rushing through the exhaust system and working valves into a less prominent noise. The engine exhaust is blown out of the muffler, through the tail pipe, and into the atmosphere.
Tail pipe - The tail pipe is that piece of metal jutting out from the back of a vehicle that releases exhaust gas.
All in all, a car exhausts system is hard at work making poisonous gases less lethal to humans and the environment.
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In my opinion, it is becoming more and more important to keep exhaust noise pollution from Quads, UTV's, and ATC's down to a minimum. Not only are our communities being patrolled and monitored for sound pollution, so are our favorite riding areas and local race tracks. We as riders need to make sure we are doing everything we can to not irritate the people around us, who may not enjoy the same recreational activities that we do. There is no quicker way to get our favorite riding area's shut down than to run around full throttle with a super loud exhaust. It only takes a couple complaints to the authorities before they take action and shut the area down.
So what options do we have to get the power we want while maintaining an acceptable sound level? Here are a couple options on how to quiet your ATV exhaust:
1. Buy an aftermarket ATV silencer add on that attaches to the end of your exhaust. This isn't the best looking option but will certainly work to quiet things down.
2. Buy a stealth ATV exhaust system. Stealth ATV exhaust systems are typically slip on exhaust systems that replace your existing muffler. since this replaces your existing exhaust, it is your best option for long term use. There is no tip to come loose and fall off. Also typically a stealth exhaust system won't noticeably affect your performance over stock.
While all these options are great for silencing your ATV, none of them are very desirable when it comes to getting the most performance. With all this in mind, most ATV performance exhaust companies have realized this and begun making quieter high performance exhaust alternatives. Some examples are the FMF quiet series, DMC afterburner, HMF Quiet Race Series, FMF Q series. A lot of these aftermarket exhausts come with "quiet core" inserts that allow you to choose between maximum performance and lower sound levels. With this new breed of ATV and UTV exhaust systems we can be sure to get the best balance between power and sound.
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These days, as laser engraving becomes more and more popular, the need for proper ventilation and fume removal is often overlooked. There are three basic methods; direct ventilation out of the building, tapping into a large air handling system, or a stand-alone filtered system. There are advantages and disadvantages to each which will be addressed. It is important to note that most flatbed lasers are operated in a retail environment, relatively small shops or are even home based so not every method of ventilation is applicable.
Laser engraving is very versatile and a wide variety of materials can be processed with attractive results. Because of the diversity of the substrates it is imperative that dust, debris and fumes be efficiently removed from the laser enclosure. The need to ventilate is not unimportant. Considerations include safety, potential damage to the laser and work environment.
Safety for the operator and other personnel in the shop should be paramount for any employer. Lasing is a thermal process and as such the material is burned, melted and vaporized. Some plastics are even toxic when they are heated and the fumes can be harmful when inhaled. To address this all lasers come equipped with a fume removal port that allows external connections.
Air is "pulled" through this port by the vacuum unit and away from the lasing area. What happens to that particle laden air is what differentiates the three ventilation methods.
The simplest method is to use a blower system that draws the air through a hose which is then ported outside the building. This is certainly functional but typically does not handle odor or the fumes very well and often there is a strong residual smell in the work area. In addition, certain parts of the country have EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) rules that prohibit pumping toxic elements into the air. Blower motors tend to operate at a fairly high decibel level so they can be quite loud. The blower motors themselves are inexpensive, but sometimes there are modifications required to the building itself that can drive the overall costs to install up.
In industrial environments there are sometimes existing air handlers that can be tapped into via the laser exhaust port. These very large devices are filtered such that the air they expel in to atmosphere has been "scrubbed" and is not toxic. In most cases they comply with the local EPA restrictions and are totally safe. However these are physically large, expensive units that are designed for use in manufacturing plants and are overkill if purchased solely to operate that standard laser engraving system. If such a system exists in your building by all means explore this as an alternative for your ventilation needs, but make sure that the system has the capacity needed for the laser when venting other equipment in the facility at 100% volume.
The third alternative is a self contained, multi-stage filtered device. As with the others, it attaches to the port on the laser but then draws the air through a series of filters that serve to remove large particles, gasses and odors. The air that is vented from the unit is usually 99% odor free and is safe to inhale. These devices are relatively small, very quiet and are portable. The filters are consumable items and have various operating durations based on usage and the particulate being filtered.
The filter system consists of a large particle filter/or catch bag, a HEPA filter and either an active chemical filter or activated charcoal reservoir. All of the filter elements can be replaced by the user with very little effort. Unlike the other configurations which are hard plumbed to the laser, the stand-alone units are mounted on wheels and can be easily relocated within the shop at the operator's convenience. This makes them the preferred solution for smaller shops and home based businesses.
There are a number of vendors such as Quatro, TBH, Purex and others. If this seems to the best alternative for you take the time to evaluate the systems including the Db level and the consumable costs.
Protecting the laser is also a consideration. Some plastics produce caustic and molten particulate that can infiltrate the moving parts of the laser gantry. In some instances, this can cause rust or non-typical wear on components which can affect the life of the motors, belts, screws and consequently can deteriorate the performance and output of the machine. Out gassing and smoke caused by lasing plastic, wood or coated materials can adhere to the optical components of the unit. Dirty mirrors or lenses lead to low output power or back reflection issues that can result in damage to the system. All adequately sized fume removal systems should have the air volume capabilities to protect the mechanical elements and optical components from these air born particles. All laser manufacturers should be able to provide the CFM requirements for their laser models which can then be used to size the proper exhaust unit.
Having a comfortable work environment is a goal of most shop owners. Managing the odors caused by processing wood, leather, plastics or rubber is part of the effort to keep the employees happy and productive. If you have ever had to smell some of the materials mentioned burning it is obvious how unpleasant it can be. If you take this one step further and consider the customers in the shop you can see how managing the fumes and odors should be a priority. Some vendors operate lasers in malls or other retail locations so courtesy for the storefront next to yours, should not be discounted. The last thing you want to do is to drive your customers out of the shop due to a very manageable situation.
Whether you have already purchased a laser engraver or you are investigating adding one to your shop, do your due diligence when selecting a ventilation method also. The laser is an investment in your business so maximize your return by choosing the proper exhaust system that will extend the life of the machine and provide a safe comfortable working environment for you and your employees.
I'll be happy to provide advice should anyone wish to contact me.
Most of us like to turn heads with our bikes and the exhaust is a big part of that. A cool looking exhaust system can really enhance the appearance of your motorcycle. Plus the distinctive throaty roar of a Harley-Davidson engine comes from the exhaust.
But there is more to Harley exhaust systems than gleaming chrome and bestial growls. Understanding the function of your exhaust lets you choose the best one for your bike.
Dealing with Emissions
The full Harley exhaust is designed to deal with the output of an engine, dealing with environmental, aesthetic, and legal issues.
The converter is designed to change harmful chemicals in the emissions into something less damaging to the environment. It uses a catalyst to convert dangerous gasses, including carbon monoxide and unburned fuel into carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other innocuous compounds. Reducing harmful emissions is not only environmentally friendly - it is also required by the EPA.
The muffler control sound and sparks. Although many Harley owners like the roar of their engine, many communities have noise ordinances that limit how loud your bike can be. Mufflers don't necessarily just suppress sound. They can also be used to control sound to get the noise you want from your bike.
Performance Enhancement
Your Harley exhaust system has a strong effect on engine performance and power. A clogged or poorly designed system restricts the flow of exhaust and reduces engine efficiency. Consider a path from the gas tank through the engine to the exhaust. If any part of that path is restricted, the whole system slows down and that means less fuel to your engine and less power.
Most people understand that a clog in the fuel line reduces power but may not realize that a clogged exhaust can do the same. Clogs aren't the only problem. An inefficient Harley exhaust restricts the flow from the engine and that creates a backup which cuts performance. Well designed systems with smooth curves rather than sharp corners allow the exhaust to vent more easily and the engine to run better.
High vs. Low Mounting
Where you put your exhaust, a high vs. a low position, will generally be determined by the bike's use. High-mounted Harley exhausts are used for bikes that will be used on trails and off-road. These bikes get a lot of dirt and water coming their way and the pipes are mounted high to keep these contaminants from getting into the exhaust and clogging it.
The problem with high-mounted exhausts is that they aren't very passenger friendly. Street bikes are more likely to carry passengers and don't need the protection of high mounts. These motorcycles are more likely to opt for low-mounted exhaust systems.
Choosing the right exhaust system is key to both the look and performance of your bike so consider all of your needs before making your choice.
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